Throat Cancer

Throat cancer occurs when cancerous tumors develop in the throat or voice box. The throat, or pharynx, and the voice box, or larynx, are closely connected. The voice box is located just below the throat.

According to statistics published by the American Cancer Society, there are about 24,000 cases of throat cancer diagnosed in the United States each year. Approximately half occur in the pharynx, and the other half in the larynx.

The causes of throat cancer are unclear, but researchers have identified a number of factors that seem to increase risk. These include:

• human papillomavirus, which is a sexually transmitted virus,
• overuse of alcohol,
• poor dental care hygiene,
• poor diet, especially one low in fruits and vegetables,
• smoking and chewing tobacco,
• exposure to asbestos.

Symptoms of throat cancer

Throat cancer symptoms may include:

• a lingering cough,
• a sore throat that doesn't go away in a few days,
• difficulty swallowing,
• ear pain,
• hoarseness and other changes in voice,
• a lump or sore that doesn't heal, and
• unusual weight loss.

If you notice any of these symptoms, and they last more than two weeks, see a doctor as soon as possible.

Treatment

Your treatment options depend on factors like the location and stage of your throat cancer, the type of cells involved, and the general condition of your health. Personal preferences will also be a factor.

Most people choose to undergo radiation therapy, which seems to be particularly effective with this type of cancer. This can be especially true in the early stages.

When the stage is more advanced, radiation therapy may be combined with chemotherapy or surgery.

Prevention

There are no known ways to prevent throat cancer, but it is believed you can reduce your risk if you

• stop smoking, or don't start,
• use alcohol only in moderation, if at all,
• eat a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables.

Be especially careful around chemicals. Avoid breathing chemical fumes. When working with chemicals and be sure good ventilation is available and wear a mask over your nose and mouth.